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Глосарій
Cathode blue sensitivity, Blue sensitivity index
Cathode luminous sensitivity
Cathode radiant sensitivity
Cathode type
C-band, L-band
CDR (clock and data recovery)
CDS (correlated double sampling)
Center limiting resolution
Channel diameter - MCP
Channel pitch
CMRR (common-mode rejection ratio)
Compton scattering
Crosstalk
Cutoff frequency
Cathode luminous sensitivity
Cathode radiant sensitivity
Cathode type
C-band, L-band
CDR (clock and data recovery)
CDS (correlated double sampling)
Center limiting resolution
Channel diameter - MCP
Channel pitch
CMRR (common-mode rejection ratio)
Compton scattering
Crosstalk
Cutoff frequency
Cathode blue sensitivity, Blue sensitivity index
Cathode blue sensitivity, Blue sensitivity index / Чутливість катода до синього світла, індекс чутливості в синій області спектру
Blue sensitivity index is the photoelectric current generated from the photocathode when a blue filter (CS 5-58) is interposed in the same measurement system as used to measure cathode luminous sensitivity. Blue sensitivity index is an essential parameter in scintillation counting because the NaI(Tl) scintillations frequently used in scintillation counting, produce light emissions in the blue.
Cathode blue sensitivity, Blue sensitivity index / Чутливість катода до синього світла, індекс чутливості в синій області спектру
Blue sensitivity index is the photoelectric current generated from the photocathode when a blue filter (CS 5-58) is interposed in the same measurement system as used to measure cathode luminous sensitivity. Blue sensitivity index is an essential parameter in scintillation counting because the NaI(Tl) scintillations frequently used in scintillation counting, produce light emissions in the blue.
Cathode luminous sensitivity
Cathode luminous sensitivity / Інтегральна чутливість катоду до світлового потоку
Cathode luminous sensitivity is the photoelectric current from the photocathode per incident light flux (10-5 to 10-2 lumens) from a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856K. Cathode and anode luminous sensitivity are particularly useful when comparing tubes having the same or similar spectral response. The cathode luminous sensitivity is expressed in uA/lm (microamperes per lumen). Note that the lumen is a unit used for luminous flux in the visible region and therefore these values may be meaningless for tubes that are sensitive beyond the visible light region.
Cathode luminous sensitivity / Інтегральна чутливість катоду до світлового потоку
Cathode luminous sensitivity is the photoelectric current from the photocathode per incident light flux (10-5 to 10-2 lumens) from a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856K. Cathode and anode luminous sensitivity are particularly useful when comparing tubes having the same or similar spectral response. The cathode luminous sensitivity is expressed in uA/lm (microamperes per lumen). Note that the lumen is a unit used for luminous flux in the visible region and therefore these values may be meaningless for tubes that are sensitive beyond the visible light region.
Cathode radiant sensitivity
Cathode radiant sensitivity / Інтегральна чутливість до потоку випромінювання
Radiant sensitivity is the photoelectric current from the photocathode, divided by the incident radiant power at a given wavelength, expressed in A/W (amperes per watt). Quantum efficiency (QE) is the number of photoelectrons emitted from the photocathode divided by the number of incident photons. Quantum efficiency is usually expressed as a percent. Quantum efficiency and radiant sensitivity have the relationship shown in the equation at a given wavelength.
Cathode radiant sensitivity / Інтегральна чутливість до потоку випромінювання
Radiant sensitivity is the photoelectric current from the photocathode, divided by the incident radiant power at a given wavelength, expressed in A/W (amperes per watt). Quantum efficiency (QE) is the number of photoelectrons emitted from the photocathode divided by the number of incident photons. Quantum efficiency is usually expressed as a percent. Quantum efficiency and radiant sensitivity have the relationship shown in the equation at a given wavelength.
Cathode type
Cathode type / Тип катоду
There are two types of photocathode associated with photomultiplier tubes: transmission mode and reflection mode. Transmission mode cathodes are semi-transparent and generally found in head-on photomultiplier tubes. Head-on tubes, in which the photocathode is deposited on the inner surface of the entrance window are noted for providing better uniformity than side-on tubes. Side-on tubes generally contain reflection mode cathodes, which are opaque.
Cathode type / Тип катоду
There are two types of photocathode associated with photomultiplier tubes: transmission mode and reflection mode. Transmission mode cathodes are semi-transparent and generally found in head-on photomultiplier tubes. Head-on tubes, in which the photocathode is deposited on the inner surface of the entrance window are noted for providing better uniformity than side-on tubes. Side-on tubes generally contain reflection mode cathodes, which are opaque.
C-band, L-band
C-band, L-band / C-діапазон, L-діапазон
Wavelength band classification used for optical communication. The spectral range for C-band and L-band spans from 1530 nm to 1625 nm. Other wavelength band names depending on the spectral range are used as shown below.
L-band: 1565 nm to 1625 nm
C-band: 1530 nm to 1565 nm
S-band: 1460 nm to 1530 nm
E-band: 1360 nm to 1460 nm
O-band: 1260 nm to 1360 nm
C-band, L-band / C-діапазон, L-діапазон
Wavelength band classification used for optical communication. The spectral range for C-band and L-band spans from 1530 nm to 1625 nm. Other wavelength band names depending on the spectral range are used as shown below.
L-band: 1565 nm to 1625 nm
C-band: 1530 nm to 1565 nm
S-band: 1460 nm to 1530 nm
E-band: 1360 nm to 1460 nm
O-band: 1260 nm to 1360 nm
CDR (clock and data recovery)
CDR (clock and data recovery) / Відновлення синхронізації і даних
A device for recovering a clock and data. Data output from a CDR is not exactly the same as the input data, and is synchronized with the timing of the recovered clock.
CDR (clock and data recovery) / Відновлення синхронізації і даних
A device for recovering a clock and data. Data output from a CDR is not exactly the same as the input data, and is synchronized with the timing of the recovered clock.
CDS (correlated double sampling)
CDS (correlated double sampling) / Корельована подвійна вибірка
A signal processing method most commonly used for reducing readout noise in a CCD. The CCD signal output detected with an FDA contains kTC noise originating from the detection node capacitance. The kTC noise is also referred to as thermal noise and is always generated by reset operation in a charge- to-voltage converter device like a CCD. The kTC noise in the output can be reduced by using CDS which detects the difference in voltage levels before and after the signal charge flows. CDS is also used to reduce noise in CMOS image sensors.
CDS (correlated double sampling) / Корельована подвійна вибірка
A signal processing method most commonly used for reducing readout noise in a CCD. The CCD signal output detected with an FDA contains kTC noise originating from the detection node capacitance. The kTC noise is also referred to as thermal noise and is always generated by reset operation in a charge- to-voltage converter device like a CCD. The kTC noise in the output can be reduced by using CDS which detects the difference in voltage levels before and after the signal charge flows. CDS is also used to reduce noise in CMOS image sensors.
Center limiting resolution
Center limiting resolution / Роздільна здатність у центрі
The limiting resolution shows the ability to delineate image detail. This is expressed as the maximum number of line-pairs per millimeter on the photocathode (1 line-pair = a pair of black and white lines) that can be discerned when a black-and-white stripe pattern is focused on the photocathode.
Center limiting resolution / Роздільна здатність у центрі
The limiting resolution shows the ability to delineate image detail. This is expressed as the maximum number of line-pairs per millimeter on the photocathode (1 line-pair = a pair of black and white lines) that can be discerned when a black-and-white stripe pattern is focused on the photocathode.
Channel diameter - MCP
Channel diameter - MCP / Діаметр каналу - мікроканальна пластина (MCP)
Diameter of the individual channels of an MCP. The MCP pore size and pitch limit the minimum spatial resolution available.
Channel diameter - MCP / Діаметр каналу - мікроканальна пластина (MCP)
Diameter of the individual channels of an MCP. The MCP pore size and pitch limit the minimum spatial resolution available.
Channel pitch
Channel pitch / Крок каналу
The center to center spacing between active elements such as the channels of an MCP or elements of a PMT or photodiode array. The MCP channel or pixel size and pitch limit the spatial resolution available.
Channel pitch / Крок каналу
The center to center spacing between active elements such as the channels of an MCP or elements of a PMT or photodiode array. The MCP channel or pixel size and pitch limit the spatial resolution available.
CMRR (common-mode rejection ratio)
CMRR (common-mode rejection ratio) / Коефіцієнт неприйняття синфазної перешкоди
The CMRR expresses the capability of a differential amplifier circuit and the like having two inputs to reject common-mode signals (including noise components) in two input signals. Amplifiers with a higher CMRR can detect smaller signal variations on common-mode signals. As such, it is used as an indicator for the detection capability of balance detectors that are used to detect low-level light signals such as in OCT (optical coherence tomography).
CMRR (common-mode rejection ratio) / Коефіцієнт неприйняття синфазної перешкоди
The CMRR expresses the capability of a differential amplifier circuit and the like having two inputs to reject common-mode signals (including noise components) in two input signals. Amplifiers with a higher CMRR can detect smaller signal variations on common-mode signals. As such, it is used as an indicator for the detection capability of balance detectors that are used to detect low-level light signals such as in OCT (optical coherence tomography).
Compton scattering
Compton scattering / Комптонівське розсіювання
The phenomenon in which X-rays, gamma-rays, and the like are scattered and part of their energy is lost when they collide with particles (e.g., electrons). This phenomenon is known as indicating particle properties of X-rays and the like.
Compton scattering / Комптонівське розсіювання
The phenomenon in which X-rays, gamma-rays, and the like are scattered and part of their energy is lost when they collide with particles (e.g., electrons). This phenomenon is known as indicating particle properties of X-rays and the like.
Crosstalk
Crosstalk /
Перехресна перешкода
A phenomenon in which an electrical signal generated in an element by an incident light signal leaks out into adjacent elements. In an MPPC, a carrier excited in an APD pixel by an incident photon is multiplied in the avalanche process. During this process, photons different from the incident photon might be generated. If these photons are detected by other APD pixels, then the MPPC output will be higher than the number of photons that actually entered the MPPC and were detected. This phenomenon is thought to be one cause of crosstalk in the MPPC.
A phenomenon in which an electrical signal generated in an element by an incident light signal leaks out into adjacent elements. In an MPPC, a carrier excited in an APD pixel by an incident photon is multiplied in the avalanche process. During this process, photons different from the incident photon might be generated. If these photons are detected by other APD pixels, then the MPPC output will be higher than the number of photons that actually entered the MPPC and were detected. This phenomenon is thought to be one cause of crosstalk in the MPPC.
Cutoff frequency
Cutoff frequency / Частота зрізу
The frequency at which the output of a device decreases by 3 dB from the constant output at lower frequencies. The relation between the cutoff frequency (fc) and the rise time (tr) is approximately expressed by the equation below.
Cutoff frequency / Частота зрізу
The frequency at which the output of a device decreases by 3 dB from the constant output at lower frequencies. The relation between the cutoff frequency (fc) and the rise time (tr) is approximately expressed by the equation below.